Biden signs law blocking Chinese telecoms Huawei

US President Joe Biden signed a law on Thursday to block Chinese telecommunications companies like Huawei and ZTE from obtaining new equipment licences from US regulators, the latest move from Washington to crack down on China’s tech giants over national security concerns.

The new law, called the Secure Equipment Act, prevents the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from granting or reviewing applications for licences from companies that the agency determines are a security threat to the US.

Brendan Carr, the FCC’s senior Republican commissioner, said last month that the bill would “close a glaring loophole that Huawei and others are exploiting today to place their insecure gear into our networks”.

In March, the FCC, which manages access to airwaves in the US, listed Huawei, ZTE and multiple other Chinese technology companies as firms that pose “an unacceptable risk” to US national security.

The list was mandated by Congress under a 2019 law, but it did not stop the FCC from continuing to grant licences to the companies on the list.

The new bipartisan legislation signed on Thursday had passed the House last month by a vote of 420-4, and then passed the Senate unanimously, a sign of the massive distrust across the entire political spectrum in Congress towards both the Chinese government and China’s biggest tech companies.

Huawei and ZTE did not immediately respond to requests for comment about the new law.

Biden signed the bill just days before he is expected to speak with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in a call that the White House has described as a virtual summit.

It also comes just one day after the US and China announced a surprise joint declaration at the COP26 climate summit in Scotland, in which the two countries vowed to work together to fight the climate change crisis.

Yet Washington and Beijing continue to spar on nearly every issue, from trade to technology to human rights.

The US has already targeted Huawei and ZTE in recent months. Both companies are on the Commerce Department’s “entity list”, which blocks US firms from selling them equipment.

And the FCC this year opened up a US$1.9 billion “rip and replace” programme, to help pay for US telecoms companies to switch out Huawei and ZTE equipment that they may be using.

The Secure Equipment Act was led in the Senate by Marco Rubio, a Florida Republican, and Ed Markey, a Massachusetts Democrat; and in the House by Steve Scalise, a Louisiana Republican, and Anna Eshoo, a California Democrat.

Scalise said last week that Huawei and ZTE “are probably the two most prominent companies that still have a lot of equipment out there where Americans’ data runs across those networks”.

“They would no longer be able to be licensed by the FCC, again, because they’re listed as national security threats,” he said.

According to FCC Commissioner Carr, the agency had approved more than 3,000 applications from Huawei since 2018, “ranging from network gear to tracking devices”.