Under arrest for corruption, Mexico’s former oil boss takes aim at three ex-presidents
MEXICO CITY - It was a startling fall from grace in a country where high-level corruption is rarely prosecuted.
In 2019, Emilio Lozoya, the former head of Mexico’s state
oil company, one of the most powerful positions in the government, was charged
with bribery, money laundering and criminal association in a scheme that
allegedly earned him millions.
A fugitive for seven months, he was arrested early this year
in Spain under an international warrant, extradited to Mexico in July and
placed in home detention as the case against him proceeds.
He is not going quietly.
In a 60-page declaration to prosecutors leaked to the
Mexican media this week, the 45-year-old leveled bombshell corruption charges
against more than a dozen former and current politicians, including three
ex-presidents, five former senators and a pair of 2018 presidential runners-up.
The revelations have been alternately received here as a
shocking inside story of how the system really works or as the invention of a
corrupt ex-functionary desperate to stay out of prison.
Lozoya’s most explosive allegations - payoffs, bribery,
extortion and vote-buying - were directed at Enrique Pena Nieto, who upon
assuming the presidency in 2012 named him head of Petroleos Mexicanos, and Luis
Videgaray, who managed Pena Nieto’s election campaign and became his finance chief
and later the foreign minister.
Pena Nieto and Videgaray, according to the statement,
directed the oil company boss to create a “criminal association, aimed at
enriching themselves not only from the public treasury, but also through
extortion ... fraud and deception ... and to take economic advantage of this
damage to the nation.”
Pena Nieto has not responded publicly.
Videgaray, currently a lecturer at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, called Lozoya’s assertions “lies invented to try and
free himself from the consequences of his own actions.”
Federal authorities are investigating the accusations from
Lozoya, who is now a protected witness, said Alejandro Gertz Manero, the
attorney general.
In his declaration, Lozoya includes numerous lists of what
he calls bank transfers of alleged bribes for lawmakers. He asserts that
witnesses and videos back his sensational allegations. But prosecutors have
released no official evidence.
Still, the accusations have shaken the political hierarchy
here and raised the prospect of ex-presidents facing interrogation under oath,
something unprecedented in modern-day Mexico.
Neither current President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador nor
any of his party loyalists were accused of receiving payoffs. That has prompted
many to denounce the affair as a political smear job meant to bolster the
president’s lagging poll numbers in advance of next year’s midterm elections.
The president is deploying Lozoya “as an instrument of
vengeance and political persecution,” tweeted former President Felipe Calderon,
who is among the accused and has denied any wrongdoing. Lopez Obrador, he said,
“is not interested in justice, but rather in a lynching.”
A pair of sitting opposition governors - Francisco Dominguez
and Francisco Cabeza de Vaca, from the states of Queretaro and Tamaulipas,
respectively - both denied Lozoya’s allegations that they took bribes while
serving in the Senate.
For Lopez Obrador, the media focus on the scandal has been a
welcome shift from persistent criticism of his handling of the COVID-19
pandemic, a cratering economy and unchecked gang violence.
“It’s incredible how well this is functioning” for Lopez
Obrador, Mario Campos, a political analyst, wrote on Twitter. “Focus all the
attention on Lozoya ... The economy is sinking, poverty is growing, the
pandemic is unrelenting, and violence doesn’t stop. And his approval ratings
(are) going up.”
The president has called on his two immediate predecessors,
Pena Nieto and Calderon, to testify before Mexican prosecutors.
The president has denied seeking “revenge,” despite bad
blood with the pair. He has repeatedly accused Pena Nieto and Calderon of employing
fraud to thwart him in two failed presidential bids.
“We are not persecuting anyone,” Lopez Obrador told
reporters Friday. “What we want is for the corruption to end, an end to this
official banditry.”
Lopez Obrador finally won the presidency in 2018 on an
anti-corruption platform citing a shadowy “mafia of power” - a corrupt,
inner-circle ruling clique.
At a news conference this week, he played YouTube footage
depicting Mexican Senate aides placing plastic bundles of cash into a suitcase.
“This video ... displays the filth of the regime of
corruption,” declared Lopez Obrador, who lamented that many television stations
didn’t showcase the images. “All this money was used to buy ... consciences, to
buy votes.”
Prosecutors have not verified the undated clip.
Lozoya was often described by the Mexican media as a “golden
boy” of politics, a debonair, Harvard-educated product of the country’s
entitled governing class, grandson of an ex-governor, son of a former Cabinet
minister, and protege of Pena Nieto.
His stature took a hit in 2016, though, when he stepped down
as head of the oil giant - known as Pemex - amid declining revenues and
criticism of his management.
As Pemex director, he allegedly purchased luxury homes and
stuffed international bank accounts with millions of dollars in payoffs from
various sources, including the Brazilian construction conglomerate Odebrecht.
The company stands at the center of one of the largest
international corruption scandals in history. A U.S. prosecutor once said it
ran an off-the-books “Department of Bribery,” paying off officials on three
continents.
In his declaration, Lozoya said that when he was serving as
the international coordinator of Pena Nieto’s election bid, he met with
Odebrecht’s Mexican representative and secured a $6 million payment to the
campaign.
“I told (the Odebrecht executive) that this request came
directly from then-candidate Pena Nieto and that Odebrecht would see benefits”
once he was president, Lozoya said in his statement to prosecutors. “He told me
that was fine.”
Lozoya also told prosecutors that, as president-elect, Pena
Nieto later met secretly in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the company’s chief
executive, Marcelo Odebrecht, who was convicted of corruption in the country in
2016 and sent to prison.
Money from Odebrecht bribes was also used to buy votes in
the Mexican legislature to help secure passage of Pena Nieto’s signature energy
privatization initiative, Lozoya said.
In the case of Calderon, who was president from 2006 to
2012, Lozoya alleged that Odebrecht paid bribes to secure approval of a
petrochemical plant in the gulf state of Veracruz and also received a
sweetheart deal in purchasing ethane, a compound used in plastics
manufacturing.
In addition, Lozoya alleged that Carlos Salinas de Gortari,
the president from 1988 to 1994, pressured Pemex officials to give contracts to
one of his sons. Salinas de Gortari has not responded to the allegation.
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